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A team of researchers led by Prof. Prof. Choi Sang-dun (from the Departments of Biological Sciences and Molecular Science & Technology) at Ajou University, announced the results of its study on drugs that are effective in preventing COVID-19. Prof. Choi (pictured), Prof. Kim Moon-suk (from the Departments of Applied Chemistry & Biological Engineering and Molecular Science & Technology), and S&K Therapeutics studied a number of anti-COVID-19 drugs approved by the US Food & Drug Administration and found that Remdesivir and Ledipasvir have potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. S&K Therapeutics is a drug developer for autoimmune diseases, viral diseases, etc., and was established by Prof. Choi. The research findings were published in Cells, a prestigious international journal, under the title, “Remdesivir and Ledipasvir among the FDA-Approved Antiviral Drugs Have Potential to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication,” in April. Coronaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses with a relatively larger virus genome. A genome is all genetic material of an organism, consisting of DNA or RNA. The coronavirus genome RNA is encapsulated by the nucleocapsid protein and polyadenylated with the spike glycoprotein on the viral envelope. The currently-developed COVID-19 vaccines especially target the spike glycoprotein.The team is currently developing materials that fight RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). RdRp has a low probability of transformation, being the perfect target to control the reproduction of RNA viruses. The team, in an effort to respond in a timely manner to the rapid spread of COVID-19 and a surge in infections and deaths, focused on anti-coronavirus drugs approved by the FDA. Ajou University and S&K Therapeutics conducted an in silico screening of hundreds of antiviral drugs approved by the FDA through virtual screening first. In silico screening uses screening tools to make predictions about the behavior of different compounds. The team selected the first batch of drugs based on a series of simulations on anti-virus drugs and RdRp, and then identified the antiviral activities of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells. As a result, Remdesivir and Ledipasvir were proven to be most effective. Vero E6 cells, derived from African green monkey kidney in 1962, have been used extensively for studies on viral infections. Vaccines against avian influenza, Rotavirus, polio, rabies, and many other diseases are produced with the use of Vero E6 cells. Prof. Choi explained: “The most pressing issue is that new coronavirus variants are being detected regularly. Thus, it is imperative that we develop a drug that prevents the proliferation of coronavirus over the long term.” He also added: “It is significant that we were able to discover that some anti-COVID 19 drugs can be used alone or with other medications.” Description: An assessment of the activities of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs(a-c) The right Y-axis indicates cell viability while the left Y-axis indicates the activities of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs.
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- 작성자OIA
- 작성일2021-07-01
- 6133
- 동영상동영상
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A team of researchers led by Prof. Seo Hyung-tak, from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Ajou University, has succeeded in developing water-splitting photocatalyst electrodes for hydrogen production. This breakthrough is expected to be useful in producing low-cost, high-efficiency photoelectrodes for hydrogen production in a non-polluting way. Prof. Seo Hyung-tak (pictured right) announced successful development of high-efficiency solar, water-splitting photocatalyst electrodes. The achievement was published online and entitled, “Enhanced solar water-splitting of an ideally doped and work function tuned {002} oriented one-dimensional WO3 with nanoscale surface charge mapping insights,” in Applied Catalysis B: Environmental (Impact Factor 16.683), an international journal, on May 6. Prof. Shankara S. Kalanur (pictured left), from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, participated in the joint research as first author.The range of possible applications of hydrogen as an alternative source of energy for automobiles, electricity generation, and other industries has been expanding rapidly as of late. In order to produce hydrogen for such purposes, including fuel cells, reforming is the most common process. During the process, an amount of CO2 equivalent to nine times more than the hydrogen production weight is emitted. In an effort to reduce CO2 emissions, there is a fast-growing body of research worldwide to develop a solar, water-splitting technology using electricity and solar energy. Through water-splitting with the use of electric charges while inserting solar energy into semiconductor photocatalyst electrodes, CO2-free hydrogen is made. However, this process is a relatively low-efficiency form of production compared to existing fuel cell reforming methods. Therefore, improving the light reactions of photocatalyst electrodes, a major component in the solar water-splitting system, while securing long-term response durability is critical. Recently, photocatalyst electrodes have proven to be somewhat limited in achieving technological advancement; thus, a growing number of studies are now underway to develop tandem photocatalytic electrodes. However, the tandem structure makes the process complex, lowering the reproducibility of electrodes while triggering chemical instability between different materials. Under these circumstances, the team focused on tungsten trioxide (WO3) electrodes, which have been widely studied, but faced obstacles in terms of efficiency. Instead of using the two-component layered structure, Prof. Seo found that one-dimensional tungsten trioxide nanorods could be aligned with {002}, with high photocatalytic activities when a small amount (1.14%) of Yttrium (Y) is doped. To find optimal doping concentrations and processing, dozens of impurity concentrations were tested. Of particular note is that Yttrium(Y)-doped tungsten trioxide (WO3) showed an increase of up to 200% in photoelectric current, while the conversion efficiency of photoelectric currents into hydrogen was nearly 95 percent. Through a minimum amount of doping, various physical and chemical changes, including resistance reduction, changes in electronic structure, and changes in surface work function, were identified.Dr. Seo explained: “It is significant that even with the doping of minimum impurities into low-cost tungsten trioxide, nanostructured photocatalyst electrodes were made using high-efficiency, single-material elements. This made for highly-efficient conversion during the hydrogen production process. Our team is committed to ensuring its safety for commercial uses in the future.” The study was sponsored by the Research Support Program for New Researchers with Advanced Overseas Accomplishments, the Basic Research Support Program from the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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- 작성자OIA
- 작성일2021-07-01
- 5507
- 동영상동영상
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Ajou University and Panoptics, a provider specialized in optics, have succeeded in developing multifunctional electronic tattoos using silk protein nanofibers. The invention is expected to be a next-generation healthcare device, enabling diagnosis and drug injection after attachment to uneven skin tissues after drawing the needed circuits on the skin. Prof. Kim Sung-hwan, Departments of Physics and Energy Systems Research (pictured left), announced successful development of electronic tattoos, making it possible to draw circuits on silk protein nanofibers with carbon nanofiber ink.The achievement was entitled, “Multifunctional and Ultrathin Electronic Tattoo for On-Skin Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications,” and appeared on the Frontispiece page of the online edition of Advanced Materials, a prestigious international journal focused on materials science, on May 6. The research was conducted in collaboration with Panoptics. Primarily authored by Prof. Narendar Gogurla, Research Assistant Professor (pictured right), it was also written together with Mr. Kim Jang-sun, CEO of Panoptics, and three other authors. There is a fast-growing body of research worldwide on materials for next-generation electronic healthcare devices, as such devices are capable of detecting and analyzing vital signs automatically. Electronic materials that can provide as much flexibility and elasticity as actual human skin are needed and countless researchers have dedicated themselves to developing materials and devices that combine flexible substrates with electrodes and electronics to read and analyze vital signs from the human body. These materials are known as “electronic skin” today. Finding the right interface between electronic skin and actual human skin that can attach flawlessly to uneven skin surfaces, such as finger pads, and have enhanced biocompatibility is vital. Ultrathin electronic circuits using biocompatible materials have been very challenging to develop. Prof. Kim’s team sought to resolve this problem with proteins—particularly silk proteins available from natural sources. Protein derived from silkworms is a skin-friendly and high-molecular biomaterial with superior physical and chemical properties. In the first step, the researchers make silk nanofiber paper, with a thickness equivalent to one-fiftieth of a strand of human hair, using electrospinning. Afterwards, they draw circuits on the silk nanofiber paper using carbon nanofiber ink and brush. Once the ink dries, the drawn circuits come out. If the circuits are placed on slightly moist skin, this creates the electronic tattoos.These electronic tattoos are ultrathin and can be put on finely-wrinkled skin surfaces like finger pads while maintaining stability in their electric properties during our everyday activities, besides taking showers. Electronic tattoos are simple to wipe off with wet wipes. Materials derived from carbon nanofibers are harmless as the silk nanofibers are injected into the middle of the electronic tattoos.Electronic tattoos, as they are attached to the skin, can be used as electrodes for electrocardiography or electromyography. They can also be used in thermal therapy or drug injections. Weak electric currents transmitted to the electronic tattoos or exposing the tattoos to sunlight creates a certain level of heat through carbon nanofibers. The fact that light can be used to create heat means that electronic tattoos can be heated remotely, implying a broad and diverse scope of application. Together with the ability to inject drugs into silk proteins, controlling the temperature of the tattoos remotely will increase the efficiency of drug injections. Prof. Kim explained: “Although there has been significant progress in research on harvesting energy from the human body, the problems related to human-machine interfacing have been relatively neglected. Using proteins, of which natural skin is composed, interfaces capable of bridging the material difference between the human body and electronic devices can be developed.”He also added: “Our project is significant in that our invention can help increase the application of biomaterials to a variety of electronic devices. We hope to see our product applied to a wide range of healthcare products and soft robotics in the future.”Sponsored by the National Research Foundation of Korea, the BK21 FOUR, the Gyeonggi-do Regional Research Center (GRRC), and the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, the electronic tattoo technology was developed in partnership with Panoptics. Patent applications in Korea and technology transfer have been approved as well.A conceptual image of silk protein-based electronic tattoos Circuits drawn with carbon nanofiber ink on silkworm-derived silk paper can be attached to the skin like a tattoo.
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- 작성자OIA
- 작성일2021-07-01
- 5983
- 동영상동영상
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One’s Trash Another’s Treasure—Converting Waste Tea Bags into Useful Chemicals with HeatScientists show how catalyst-assisted pyrolysis can convert used up tea bags into valuable compoundsSome types of waste, such as used tea bags, cannot be recycled nor composted, which means they can only be dealt with via incineration or landfilling. In an effort to find a more ecofriendly alternative, scientists from Ajou University, Korea, explored ways to improve a thermochemical process called pyrolysis to upconvert teabags into value-added compounds. Their results showcase the potential of pyrolysis as an efficient waste management technique. Tea bags usually contain non-compostable materials and have to be disposed of via landfilling or incineration, which are detrimental to the environmentPhoto courtesy: ShutterstockThe shocking amount of waste that humans produce from everyday consumables is taking a serious toll on the environment, so it is no surprise that much effort is being spent on waste management strategies such as recycling and composting. However, some types of waste are a bit trickier to deal with because they contain both compostable and non-compostable materials. Tea bags, made from organic matter and plastic, are a perfect example of such waste, as they can only be disposed of via landfill or incineration—two options that aren’t particularly ecofriendly. Considering that about 6 million tons of tea is consumed yearly across the world, the environmental impact of the second most-consumed beverage is a matter of serious concern.Fortunately, many research groups are working on developing techniques to properly deal with such kinds of waste. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical process that uses temperature to break down molecules, is one promising way in which we could convert food waste (among other types) into useful compounds, such as liquid fuels and char. In a recent study published in Chemical Engineering Journal, scientists from Ajou University, Korea, investigated how pyrolysis processes could be improved for waste tea bags by using an aluminum-based material known as HZSM-11 (a less studied yet highly effective catalyst). They also studied the differences between conducting pyrolysis in a carbon dioxide (CO2) atmosphere versus a more commonly used nitrogen (N2) one.The scientists purchased local tea bags, used them to brew tea, and dried them prior to pyrolysis. After analyzing the composition of the tea bags in detail, they conducted pyrolysis under a variety of conditions, revealing that waste tea bags can be upcycled into different chemicals with added value. “We found that pyrolysis using HZSM-11 as a catalyst in CO2 produced a significantly higher amount of caprolactam, a commodity chemical used in the production of nylon. Moreover, this process produced higher amounts of char, a solid fuel with an energy content equivalent to that of coal,” explains Dr. Jechan Lee, who led the study. Additionally, the use of CO2 also hindered the production of certain pollutants like phenolics and polycyclic hydrocarbons. To top things off, conducting pyrolysis in CO2 also means that we are putting an otherwise undesirable greenhouse gas to good use.It is critical that we further enhance pyrolysis processes so that we can gradually abandon the practices of incineration and landfilling. Excited about the positive results of the study, Dr. Lee remarks, “Our results suggest that pyrolysis is the most likely process to be adopted for the upcycling of everyday waste into fuels and value-added commodities. For instance, we might be able to produce plastic materials from renewable chemicals derived from everyday waste instead of petroleum.”When speaking of waste management, it appears that pyrolysis may soon become our cup of tea!ReferenceAuthors:Soosan Kim1, Nahyeon Lee2, Sung Woo Lee3, Yong Tae Kim3*, and Jechan Lee1,2*Title of original paper:Upcycling of waste teabags via catalytic pyrolysis in carbon dioxide over HZSM-11Journal:Chemical Engineering JournalDOI:10.1016/j.cej.2021.128626Affiliations:1Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University 2Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University3C1 Gas & Carbon Convergent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology*Corresponding authors’ emails: ytkim@krict.re.kr (Y.T. Kim), jlee83@ajou.ac.kr (J. Lee)About Associate Professor Jechan LeeJechan Lee received a PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2015 and an MS degree in environmental engineering at Columbia University in 2010. After his PhD, he worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation at the University of Delaware (2015–2016) and Sejong University (2016–2018). He has been a faculty member of the Environmental and Safety Engineering Department at Ajou University since 2018. He is currently an Associate Professor of Environmental and Safety Engineering and Energy Systems Research at Ajou University. His research interests are in the areas of catalysis, biorefinery, CO2 utilization, waste upcycling, and waste-to-energy/resources. He has authored more than 160 peer-reviewed SCI(E) papers.
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- 작성자국제협력팀
- 작성일2021-05-10
- 7880
- 동영상동영상
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Modifying the angle of “twist” between layers in a bilayer graphene enhances its optical response While conventional, single-layer graphene attracts tremendous attention in material science, double-layer graphene has its own appeal due to its peculiarities. In a new study, scientists from Ajou University, Korea report and explore the cause of a remarkable 60-fold enhanced optical response in a “twisted” bilayer graphene for an optimum orientation of the layers, paving the way for nonlinear optic applications for efficient ultrafast signal processing and developing novel quantum light sources. By changing the angle between the layers of a “twisted” double-layer graphene, scientists observed an enhancement in its optical response that depended strongly on the rotation angle. The property can help create quantum light sources with novel applications. Photo courtesy: ShutterstockFew materials today enjoy the kind of popularity and attention in material science that graphene does. Given its unusual properties, graphene has found a multitude of applications including drug delivery, electronics, energy storage, and ultra-sensitive sensor technology. Graphene is essentially a single layer of carbon atoms arranged hexagonally, giving it the moniker “monolayer” graphene (MLG). However, graphene can also exist in multiple layers; “bi-layer” graphene in particular is known for its unique peculiarities. Scientists from Ajou University, Korea recently explored the optical properties of a peculiar structure called “twisted bilayer graphene” (tBLG), in which two MLGs are stacked on one another at different orientations and discovered that the rotation angle between the layers play a crucial role in enhancing how photons (light particles) interact with the structure to produce higher-energy photons, a phenomenon called “nonlinear optical response.” “Recently, there have been exciting reports about tBLG due to its unique inter-layer interaction absent in MLG. This got me excited about studying a nonlinear optical property of tBLG called “third-harmonic generation” (THG), in which input photons generate output photons three times their energy,” explains Prof. Dong-Il Yeom who led the study, which was published in Light: Science & Applications. The scientists excited the sample with pulsed, infrared laser light, inducing enhanced THG signals whose intensity varied with the “twist angle” and became as high as 60 times for an angle of 12°! Raman measurements and structure calculations revealed an interesting peculiarity in the electronic states called “van Hove Singularity,” which depends on the twist angle, and causes the enhanced THG signal when its energy gap coincides with the energy of three photons of the incident light.Prof. Yeom suggests potential novel applications of the phenomenon. “I think our work could be potentially useful in creating a quantum entangled light source based on nonlinear optics, with applications in quantum sensing or quantum communication for defense and security purposes,” he speculates. Graphene with a ‘twist’ thus holds many promises for a brighter future!ReferenceAuthors:Seongju Ha1, Nam Hun Park1,2, Hyeonkyeong Kim1, Jiseon Shin3, Jungseok Choi1, Sungmin Park1, Ji-Yun Moon1, Kwanbyung Chae1, Jeil Jung3,4, Jae-Hyun Lee1,5, Youngdong Yoo6, Ji-Yong Park1,7, Kwang Jun Ahn1 and Dong-Il Yeom1,7Title of original paper:Enhanced third-harmonic generation by manipulating the twist angle of bilayer graphene Journal:Light: Science & Applications DOI:10.1038/s41377-020-00459-5 Affiliations:1Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University 2Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science3Department of Physics, University of Seoul4Department of Smart Cities, University of Seoul5Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University6Department of Chemistry, Ajou University7Department of Physics, Ajou University *Corresponding author’s email: diyeom@ajou.ac.kr About Ajou UniversityFounded in 1973, Ajou University has quickly grown to become one of the top universities in the Republic of Korea. With over 15,000 students and 50 research centers in diverse fields, Ajou University partakes in the largest national research and graduate education project funded by the Korean Ministry of Education. In line with its recently reformed vision, Ajou University’s goal is to change society by connecting minds and carrying out high-impact research to improve the welfare of people in and outside Korea. Website: https://www.ajou.ac.kr/en/index.do About the authorDong-Il Yeom is a Professor of the Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research at Ajou University. He received his Ph.D. in 2005 in Physics (Optics) from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). Before joining Ajou University in 2008, he worked as a research staff at the University of Sydney for two years. His group is developing fiber lasers and related optical systems for military applications. He also studies the optical properties of 2-dimensional materials and their application to photonic and optoelectronic devices.
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- 작성자국제협력팀
- 작성일2021-04-19
- 5979
- 동영상동영상
